MAT 331: Computer-Assisted Mathematical Problem Solving

Fall 2017

Christopher Bishop

Professor, Mathematics
SUNY Stony Brook

Office: 4-112 Mathematics Building
Phone: (516)-632-8274
Dept. Phone: (516)-632-8290
FAX: (516)-632-7631

TuTh 11:30-12:50 Math Tower S-235S (computer lab in basement)

Office hours 10-11:20, Tuesday and Thursday.

Final Exam 5:30-8:00pm Wednesday, December 13

Final will be in usual room Math S-235S

This is a course in problem solving using MATLAB. This is commercial software produced by the company Mathworks, and is commonly used throughout academia and industry. We will start by going through most of Tobin Driscoll's short book "Learning MATLAB". for the first few weeks to learn the basic commands. We will then do various topics in cryptography, probability, graph theory, approximation theory (and whatwever we can fit into the course) using materials I put on the website. There is a lot of interesting material in Cleve Moler's books "Numerical Computing in MATLAB: revised reprint" and "experiments in MATLAB", as well a few articles and blog entries by Moler from the Mathworks site. Moler is the original creator of MATLAB. Moler's books can be purchased as hard-copies, but there are also a free online versions provided by MathWorks (the company the produces MATLAB); you will need to create a MathWorks Account.

The university has a WRTD writing requirement that can be fulfilled by submitting two of the projects from this class. If you intend to fulfill the requirement this way, you should register for the zero-credit course MAT 459, and let me know you want to use your MAT 331 projects for this requirement. I will post possible projects as the semester proceeds and we will discuss a few in class two.

MATLAB is installed on machines in the SINC sites and is available from any computer via the virtual SINC site Virtual SINC site. .

Scripts and functions should be saved in your MySBFiles directory; other dirctories on the SINC site machines are erased after 48 hours. These MySBFiles can be accessed directly from any machine with an internet connection at MySBFiles .

The university license also allows you to download a copy to your home computer (if you are currently a student or faculty member): Information on downloading a copy of MATLAB This page also has instructions on how to create a MATHWORKS account,which you will need to access MATLAB programs and textbooks, even if you don't download a personal copy of MATLAB.

Numerical Computing in MATLAB: revised reprint by Cleve Moler. Our main textbook. Chapters can be downloaded individually. There is also a collection of MATLAB code to download and that is used in the text.

SIAM site for buying hardcopy of "Numerical Computing in MATLAB: revised reprint by Cleve Moler.

Experiments with MATLAB by Cleve Moler. Another textbook on MATLAB, but assuming less math than "Numerical Computing with MATLAB". We will use some chapters from this, such as the one on the Mandelbrot set.

Cleve's Corner articles related to the text and MATLAB in general.

Getting started in MATLAB Introduction by the makers of MATLAB

Learning MATLAB by Toby Driscoll. A very good, very short and inexpensive introduction to MATLAB, by a real expert.

SIAM site for buying of "Learning MATLAB" by Tobin Driscoll.

The not too short introduction to LaTex

Grades

Grades will be based on:
(1) In-class quizzes. I provide practice quizzes to do at home.
(2) Homework. These will usually involving writing a short report stating the problem, describing how to solve it, giving the MATLAB code you used, and table or pictures that illustrate your results.
(3) Projects: just like homework, but a little longer and often involving some outside reading. I will make up several of these and you will choose at least three to do.
(4) Final exam (similar to quizzes, but longer)

During the last week of class I will post tentative grades based on the homework, quizes (best 4 or 5) and two projects. A percent will be compute for each of the three categories and the average of these three numbers taken. The letter grade will be based on this average. You will receive at least this grade for the class. If you are happy with this grade, then you need not hand in a third project or take the final. If you would like to improve the tentative grade then you can hand in a third project and take the final. Then your grade will be based on the average of the percents for homework, quizes (best 4 of 5), projects and the final (each of the four categories counts equally).

Histogram of over totals as of Nov 20, 2017. This includes the 3 homeworks, the best 4 out of 5 quizes, and Project 1. Each category was converted into a percentage (out of 100) and then I took the avergage of these (all weighted equally).

Send the lecturer (C. Bishop) email at: bishop - at - math.sunysb.edu

Link to history of mathematics There are a lot of iteresting articles here. If you know of other math related sites I should link to, let me know.

A link to MathSciNet (Online Mathematical Reviews). These gives access to reviews of about 3 million mathematical papers and links to some of the actual articles. You will need a NETID and password to access this.

A link to the Stony Brook virtual SINC site . You will need a NETID and password to access this.

A link to the installer for TexMaker. on the SINC site machines. You can also download for use on the virtual SINC site. This is special editor for TeX files that incorporates several steps into one. You will need a NETID and password to access this.

A link to BlackBoard . You will need a NETID and password to access this.

Class Projects

Projects are longer versions of the homework assigments, but I will give several and you need to choose any three to hand in. If you are enrolled in MAT 459, then two of these can be used to satisfy the university WRDT requirement, as described above.

The first project is due October 31, the second November 30 and the third 0n Decemeber 7 (last day of class). You may submit eithe a hardcopy or electronic version (but I would prefer a hardcopy to make sure it is printed just as you intend).

Each listed project has two components for you to look at. The first is a one page description of what I want you to do. This will often include an itemized list of computations I want you to make, based on the reading the second part. The second will usually be a some notes written by myself, or a short recent paper by some mathematician describing a calculation or algorithm. Usually there will be more material here than you need to do the project; I generally only want you to do and describe experiments that test the claims of the paper, and you generally don't have to understand the proofs in the paper to do this.

List of projects (more will be added later):
        Project 1 , ----- Gauss-Jacobi quadrature and Legendre polynomials , notes by C.Bishop
        Project 2 , ----- Points of increase for random walks , by Yuval Peres, Microsoft Research
        Project 3 , ----- Uniformly discrete forests with poor visibility , by Noga Alon, Tel Aviv University
        Project 4 , ----- Is Gauss quadrature better than Clenshaw-Curtis? , by Lloyd N. Trefethen, Oxford University and NYU
        Project 5 , ----- Weiesrstrass approximation theorem , Chapter 5 in "Approximation theory and Approximation practice" by Lloyd N. Trefethen
        Project 6 , ----- Unexpected biases in the distribution of consecutive primes , 2016 by R.J.K Oliver and K. Soundararajan
                        See also: Article in Nature , Article in Quantum
        Project 7 , ----- Volumes of n-balls -- Wikipedia ,
        Project 8 , ----- Using letter counts to distinguish different languages
        Project 9 , ----- Breaking a re-used one time pad
,         Project 10 , ----- Solving a random permutation substitution
        Project 11 , ----- Fractal dimension and the Weierstrass function, YouTube video explaining idea of fractalsa and dimension
        Project 12 , ----- Gibbs phenomenon -- Wikipedia ,

How to write up the projects

The write-up is supposed to be a short report that explains what the problem is and how you solved it, including any samples of code or output (such as tables or plots). Think of it like an essay for an English or History class except that it is written about a math problem, instead of about Jane Austin or the French revolution. There should be an introduction that describes the problem, a main body that gives the details of your solution and a conclusion the briefly summarizes your results.

Some good things to do include:
        Put titles on your plots
        Insert comments into code saying what role named arrays play and what loops are doing
        supress intermediate calculations and display a single table of results at end
        when comparing two or more arrays, present them as columns of a single table/array
        when plotting an approximation to a function, also plot the function so we can see how close they are. Also consider plotting (separately) the difference of the two.


Re-do project 1

I will allow students who scored less than 90 on the first project to hand in a revision for re-grading by Tuesday, Nov 14. There will not be a similar opportunity for the second and third projects.

Tentative Lecture Schedule

Tuesday, August 29 Introduction, Driscoll Chapters 1 and 2
        Cleve's Corner - The origin of MATLAB ,
        Homework 0 (PDF)
        Homework 0 (TEX)
        Homework 0 with Solution (PDF)
        Homework 0 with Solution (TEX)
        Topics covered: course administration, the class webpage,
        how to access the virtual SINC site,
        how to open MATLAB, open documentation,
        basic arithmetic, digits, vpa
        writing a MATLAB script,
        for loops,
        entering vectors and matrices

Thursday, August 31 Driscoll Chapters 3 and 4

        Topics covered:
        save, load
        basic functions: sin, cos, log, exp, rand, round, floor, ceil
        arrays: size,length, the colon operator, zeros, ones
        plot

Tuesday, September 5 Labor day, NO CLASS

Thursday, September 7 More commands
        cumsum
        referencing elements, end, find, logical indexing
        strings, char, num2str, str2num, strfind
        syms, solve, vpasolve, root
        anonymous functions
        plot versus ezplot
        scatter
        Scripts from Sept 7 class
        NCM - Chapter 1, Read Section 1.7 on floating point numbers and precision

Tuesday, September 12 Quiz, last 30 minutes of class
        Cleve's Corner - Computing pi , I thought you might like to read this, but I will not be testing you on this material.
        Due to a problem with cetain MATLAB commands like "solve", "vpa" and "root" on the virtual SINC site, I will remove these commands from Quiz 1. I have posted a new practice Quiz 1 that reflects these changes.
        NEW Practice Quiz 1 (PDF)
        NEW Practice Quiz 1 (TEX)
        Old Practice Quiz 1 (PDF)
        Old Practice Quiz 1 (TEX)
        Practice Quiz Solutions (PDF)
        Quiz 1 scores
        scripts versus functions
        if, else, elseif,
        switch
        for loops, while loops,
        Scripts from Sept 12 class

Thursday, September 14
        profiling, tic, toc, preallocation
        Numerical integration: endpoint rule, midpoint rule, trapezoid rule, Simpson's rule
        Using logarithmic plots to measure convergence
        Scripts from Sept 14 class

Tuesday, September 19 Homework 1 due
        Homework 1 (PDF) - comparing methods of computing e=2.71... ,
        Homework 1 (TEX) ,
        Polynomial interpolation, equally spaced points versus Chebyshev points, Gauss-Jacobi quadrature
        Scripts from Sept 19 class
        Wikipedia - Polynomial interpolation
        Wikipedia - Chebyshev nodes
        Wikipedia - Gauss quadrature ,
        Wikipedia - Legendre polynomials ,

Thursday, September 21 Primes and factoring
        Commands: factor, primes, isprime, if/else,
        Scripts from Sept 21 class

Tuesday, September 26 Quiz 2 (last 30 minutes of class)
        Practice Quiz 2 (PDF)
        Practice Quiz 2 (TEX)
        Practice Quiz Solutions (PDF)
        Topics: Chebyshev polynomials and points,
        Wikipedia - Chebyshev polynomials ,

Thursday, September 28 Guest Lecture: Prof L.N. Trefethen
        The webpage of Professor L.N. Trefethen, FRS . Professor Trefethen is head of the numerical analysis group at Oxford, Global Distinguished Professor at NYU and former president of SIAM. His webpage contains numerous links to papers, essays, lectures and videos related to computational mathematics and MATLAB.
        Wikipedia - Chebfun ,
        'Six myths of polynomial interpolation and quadrature' by Lloyd N. Trefethen ,
        Instructions for downloading Chebfun onto a SINC site machine and setting the correct path in MATLAB
        Homepage for CHEBFUN, download it here
        Chebfun guide , Introduction, examples, how Chebfun works how to use it. Try the examples in Chapter 1 to make sure your installation of Chebfun is working.
        First six chapters of "Approximation Theory and Approximation Practice" by L.N. Trefethen

Tuesday, October 3 Root finding
        Scripts from October 3 class
        Questions on Homework 2, fzero, cells, polyval
        Root finding: bisection, Newton's method, secant methods, fzero
        NCM - Chapter 4 ,

Thursday, October 5 More root finding
        Homework 2 (PDF) - Chebyshev polynomials ,
        Homework 2 (TEX) ,
        Scripts from October 5 class (used in Quiz 3)

Tuesday, October 10 Quiaz 3 (30 minutes) Secant method, Iteration, Julia set, Mandelbrot set
        Practice Quiz 3 (PDF)
        Practice Quiz Solutions (PDF)

Thursday, October 12 Intro to Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set
        image, colormap
        Scripts from October 12 class
        The Mandelbrot set, EIM Chapter 13
        Julia sets - Wikipedia
        The Mandelbrot set - Wikipedia
        Benoit Mandelbrot - Wikipedia
        The Mandelbrot set -Wolfram MathWorld


Tuesday, October 17 More about the Mandelbrot set
        tic, toc, profiling, vectorization
       
Thursday, October 19 More about Mandelbrot set
        Homework 3 (PDF) - Area of Mandelbrot set ,
        pre-allocation

Tuesday, October 24 Review for Quiz 4, Linear algebra, 60 minute class today
        Scripts from October 24 class

Thursday, October 26 Ceasar code, reading files
        Scripts from October 25, for Prac Quiz 4
        Directory of simple cryptography files This leads to a dirctory of files that we will use over the next few weeks. You should creat your own directory and copy these into it. Clicking on each file, should open the file in a text editor, which should then allow you to save the file.
        ASCII code - Wikipedia
        Project Gutenberg , free out-of-print books
        Pride and Prejudice , Project Gutenberg
        A Tale of Two Cities , Project Gutenberg

Tuesday, October 31 2-grams, n-grams
        Practice Quiz 4 (PDF)
        Solutions (PDF)

Thursday, November 2
        link to about 60,000 English words

Tuesday, November 7 letter frequencies,

Thursday, November 9 one time pads, intro to RSA
        One-time pad - Wikipedia
        VENONA project - Wikipedia
        Enigma machine - Wikipedia
        Ultra - Wikipedia
        RSA cryptosystem - Wikipedia
        RSA factoring challenge - Wikipedia

Tuesday, November 14 RSA
        Revised Project 1 due.
        Multiplicative group mod n - Wikipedia
        RSA cryptosystem - Wikipedia
        RSA factoring challenge - Wikipedia
        Scripts for Nov 14 - RSA
        Practice Quiz 5 (PDF)
        m-file for problems 5 and 6 on practice quiz 5
        Solutions (PDF)


Thursday, November 16 random walk on integers
        Scripts for Nov 16
        Simple random walk - Wikipedia
        Central Limit Theorem - Wikipedia
        Brownian motion- Wikipedia
        Bore-Cantelli lemmas - Wikipedia

Tuesday, November 18 No class

Thursday, November 23 Thanksgiving, no class

Tuesday, November 28 harmonic measure, linear algebra
        scripts for Nov 28
        NCM- Chapter 11 Partial differential equations

Thursday, November 30 DLA
        Second Project Due
        scripts for Nov 30

Tuesday, December 5
        Scripts for Dec 5
        DLA --- Wikipedia


Thursday, December 7 last class, continuation of Dec 5, DLA, Paths inside Brownian motion

Wednesday, December 13 Final exam, 5:30pm-8:00pm

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